diff --git a/src/pages/sign/index.tsx b/src/pages/sign/index.tsx
index 1833c77..7ffc1ec 100644
--- a/src/pages/sign/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/sign/index.tsx
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import {
   CreateSignatureEventContent,
   Meta,
   ProfileMetadata,
+  SignedEvent,
   SignedEventContent,
   User,
   UserRole
@@ -366,26 +367,15 @@ export const SignPage = () => {
     setIsLoading(true)
     setLoadingSpinnerDesc('parsing hashes.json file')
 
-    const hashesFileContent = await readContentOfZipEntry(
-      zip,
-      'hashes.json',
-      'string'
-    )
+    const hashesFileContent = await readHashesFile()
+    if (!hashesFileContent) return
 
     if (!hashesFileContent) {
       setIsLoading(false)
       return
     }
 
-    let hashes = await parseJson(hashesFileContent).catch((err) => {
-      console.log('err in parsing the content of hashes.json :>> ', err)
-      toast.error(
-        err.message || 'error occurred in parsing the content of hashes.json'
-      )
-      setIsLoading(false)
-      return null
-    })
-
+    const hashes = await parseHashes(hashesFileContent)
     if (!hashes) return
 
     setLoadingSpinnerDesc('Generating hashes for files')
@@ -395,51 +385,21 @@ export const SignPage = () => {
     const prevSig = getPrevSignersSig(hexToNpub(usersPubkey!))
     if (!prevSig) return
 
-    const signedEvent = await signEventForMetaFile(
-      JSON.stringify({
-        prevSig
-      }),
-      nostrController,
-      setIsLoading
-    )
-
+    const signedEvent = await signEventForMeta(prevSig)
     if (!signedEvent) return
 
-    const metaCopy = _.cloneDeep(meta)
+    const updatedMeta = updateMetaSignatures(meta, signedEvent)
 
-    metaCopy.docSignatures = {
-      ...metaCopy.docSignatures,
-      [hexToNpub(signedEvent.pubkey)]: JSON.stringify(signedEvent, null, 2)
-    }
-
-    const stringifiedMeta = JSON.stringify(metaCopy, null, 2)
+    const stringifiedMeta = JSON.stringify(updatedMeta, null, 2)
     zip.file('meta.json', stringifiedMeta)
 
     const metaHash = await getHash(stringifiedMeta)
     if (!metaHash) return
 
-    hashes = {
-      ...hashes,
-      [usersPubkey!]: metaHash
-    }
-
-    zip.file('hashes.json', JSON.stringify(hashes, null, 2))
-
-    const arrayBuffer = await zip
-      .generateAsync({
-        type: 'arraybuffer',
-        compression: 'DEFLATE',
-        compressionOptions: {
-          level: 6
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((err) => {
-        console.log('err in zip:>> ', err)
-        setIsLoading(false)
-        toast.error(err.message || 'Error occurred in generating zip file')
-        return null
-      })
+    const updatedHashes = updateHashes(hashes, metaHash)
+    zip.file('hashes.json', JSON.stringify(updatedHashes, null, 2))
 
+    const arrayBuffer = await generateZipArrayBuffer(zip)
     if (!arrayBuffer) return
 
     const key = await generateEncryptionKey()
@@ -450,80 +410,180 @@ export const SignPage = () => {
     const blob = new Blob([encryptedArrayBuffer])
 
     if (await isOnline()) {
-      setLoadingSpinnerDesc('Uploading zip file to file storage.')
-      const fileUrl = await uploadToFileStorage(blob, nostrController)
-        .then((url) => {
-          toast.success('zip file uploaded to file storage')
-          return url
-        })
-        .catch((err) => {
-          console.log('err in upload:>> ', err)
-          setIsLoading(false)
-          toast.error(err.message || 'Error occurred in uploading zip file')
-          return null
-        })
-
-      if (!fileUrl) return
-
-      // check if the current user is the last signer
-      const usersNpub = hexToNpub(usersPubkey!)
-      const lastSignerIndex = signers.length - 1
-      const signerIndex = signers.indexOf(usersNpub)
-      const isLastSigner = signerIndex === lastSignerIndex
-
-      // if current user is the last signer, then send DMs to all signers and viewers
-      if (isLastSigner) {
-        const userSet = new Set<`npub1${string}`>()
-
-        if (submittedBy) {
-          userSet.add(hexToNpub(submittedBy))
-        }
-
-        signers.forEach((signer) => {
-          userSet.add(signer)
-        })
-
-        viewers.forEach((viewer) => {
-          userSet.add(viewer)
-        })
-
-        const users = Array.from(userSet)
-
-        for (const user of users) {
-          // todo: execute in parallel
-          await sendDM(
-            fileUrl,
-            key,
-            npubToHex(user)!,
-            nostrController,
-            false,
-            setAuthUrl
-          )
-        }
-      } else {
-        const nextSigner = signers[signerIndex + 1]
-        await sendDM(
-          fileUrl,
-          key,
-          npubToHex(nextSigner)!,
-          nostrController,
-          true,
-          setAuthUrl
-        )
-      }
-
-      setIsLoading(false)
-
-      // update search params with updated file url and encryption key
-      setSearchParams({
-        file: fileUrl,
-        key: key
-      })
+      await handleOnlineFlow(blob, key)
     } else {
       handleDecryptedArrayBuffer(arrayBuffer).finally(() => setIsLoading(false))
     }
   }
 
+  // Read the content of the hashes.json file
+  const readHashesFile = async (): Promise<string | null> => {
+    return await readContentOfZipEntry(zip!, 'hashes.json', 'string').catch(
+      (err) => {
+        console.log('Error reading hashes.json file:', err)
+        setIsLoading(false)
+        return null
+      }
+    )
+  }
+
+  // Parse the JSON content of the hashes file
+  const parseHashes = async (
+    hashesFileContent: string
+  ): Promise<Record<string, string> | null> => {
+    return await parseJson<Record<string, string>>(hashesFileContent).catch(
+      (err) => {
+        console.log('Error parsing hashes.json content:', err)
+        toast.error(err.message || 'Error parsing hashes.json content')
+        setIsLoading(false)
+        return null
+      }
+    )
+  }
+
+  // Sign the event for the meta file
+  const signEventForMeta = async (prevSig: string) => {
+    return await signEventForMetaFile(
+      JSON.stringify({ prevSig }),
+      nostrController,
+      setIsLoading
+    )
+  }
+
+  // Update the meta signatures
+  const updateMetaSignatures = (meta: Meta, signedEvent: SignedEvent): Meta => {
+    const metaCopy = _.cloneDeep(meta)
+    metaCopy.docSignatures = {
+      ...metaCopy.docSignatures,
+      [hexToNpub(signedEvent.pubkey)]: JSON.stringify(signedEvent, null, 2)
+    }
+    return metaCopy
+  }
+
+  // Update the hashes with the new meta hash
+  const updateHashes = (
+    hashes: Record<string, string>,
+    metaHash: string
+  ): Record<string, string> => {
+    return {
+      ...hashes,
+      [usersPubkey!]: metaHash
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Generate the zip array buffer
+  const generateZipArrayBuffer = async (
+    zip: JSZip
+  ): Promise<ArrayBuffer | null> => {
+    return await zip
+      .generateAsync({
+        type: 'arraybuffer',
+        compression: 'DEFLATE',
+        compressionOptions: {
+          level: 6
+        }
+      })
+      .catch((err) => {
+        console.log('Error generating zip file:', err)
+        setIsLoading(false)
+        toast.error(err.message || 'Error generating zip file')
+        return null
+      })
+  }
+
+  // Handle the online flow: upload file and send DMs
+  const handleOnlineFlow = async (blob: Blob, key: string) => {
+    const fileUrl = await uploadZipFile(blob)
+    if (!fileUrl) return
+
+    const isLastSigner = checkIsLastSigner(signers)
+
+    if (isLastSigner) {
+      await sendDMToAllUsers(fileUrl, key)
+    } else {
+      await sendDMToNextSigner(fileUrl, key)
+    }
+
+    setIsLoading(false)
+
+    // Update search params with updated file URL and encryption key
+    setSearchParams({
+      file: fileUrl,
+      key: key
+    })
+  }
+
+  // Upload the zip file to file storage
+  const uploadZipFile = async (blob: Blob): Promise<string | null> => {
+    setLoadingSpinnerDesc('Uploading zip file to file storage.')
+    const fileUrl = await uploadToFileStorage(blob, nostrController)
+      .then((url) => {
+        toast.success('Zip file uploaded to file storage')
+        return url
+      })
+      .catch((err) => {
+        console.log('Error uploading file:', err)
+        setIsLoading(false)
+        toast.error(err.message || 'Error uploading file')
+        return null
+      })
+
+    return fileUrl
+  }
+
+  // Check if the current user is the last signer
+  const checkIsLastSigner = (signers: string[]): boolean => {
+    const usersNpub = hexToNpub(usersPubkey!)
+    const lastSignerIndex = signers.length - 1
+    const signerIndex = signers.indexOf(usersNpub)
+    return signerIndex === lastSignerIndex
+  }
+
+  // Send DM to all users (signers and viewers)
+  const sendDMToAllUsers = async (fileUrl: string, key: string) => {
+    const userSet = new Set<`npub1${string}`>()
+
+    if (submittedBy) {
+      userSet.add(hexToNpub(submittedBy))
+    }
+
+    signers.forEach((signer) => {
+      userSet.add(signer)
+    })
+
+    viewers.forEach((viewer) => {
+      userSet.add(viewer)
+    })
+
+    const users = Array.from(userSet)
+
+    for (const user of users) {
+      await sendDM(
+        fileUrl,
+        key,
+        npubToHex(user)!,
+        nostrController,
+        false,
+        setAuthUrl
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Send DM to the next signer
+  const sendDMToNextSigner = async (fileUrl: string, key: string) => {
+    const usersNpub = hexToNpub(usersPubkey!)
+    const signerIndex = signers.indexOf(usersNpub)
+    const nextSigner = signers[signerIndex + 1]
+    await sendDM(
+      fileUrl,
+      key,
+      npubToHex(nextSigner)!,
+      nostrController,
+      true,
+      setAuthUrl
+    )
+  }
+
   const handleExport = async () => {
     if (!meta || !zip || !usersPubkey) return